The esophagus is the tube that sends food from your mouth to your stomach. Figure 23.4.1 – Stomach: The stomach has four major regions: the cardia, fundus, body, and pylorus. A, Normal internal anatomy of the stomach; B, C, endoscopic views. The smooth muscle pyloric sphincter is located at this latter point of connection and controls stomach emptying. In the absence of food, the stomach deflates inward, and its mucosa and submucosa fall into large folds called rugae. Some people may mistake it for heart pain (angina). This condition is generally seen when a patient has a diagnosis of gastritis, and the inflamed stomach lining is seen during an endoscopic evaluation. A sharp transition in the epithelium, from stratified squamous moist (esophagus) to simple columnar (stomach), marks the transition of these two organs. Reflux esophagitis: simply put: the contents of the stomach, mainly acid, stayed for a long time outside of the stomach up in the esophagus where they shouldn't be, caus ... Read More Send thanks to the doctor The cardia is where the contents of the esophagus empty into the stomach. The regions of the stomach that are lined by simple columnar epithelium are collectively called the glandular region. The body is the main, central region of the stomach. The right gastric artery, arising from the hepatic artery, passes in … It is especially thickened in the region of the pyloric canal, at the lower end of which it forms a thickened ring-like band, the pyloric sphincter [m. sphincter pylori]. Common causes include acid reflux , side effects of certain medications, and bacterial or viral infections. There are four main regions in the stomach: the cardia, fundus, body, and pylorus. The body of the esophagus is approximately 18–25 cm long, extending from the upper esophageal sphincter (C5–C6 vertebral space at the junction of the pharynx and the esophagus) to the lower esophageal sphincter (T10 level at the junction of the esophagus and the stomach). Piezoresonance manometry revealed a zone of increased intraluminal pressure in the region of the esophageal anastomosis. Mild reflux esophagitis was encountered in three patients. Located inferior to the diaphragm, above … In classical anatomy the human stomach is divided into four sections, beginning at the cardia, each of which has different cells and functions. The middle or circular layer [stratum circulare] is continuous with the circular fibers of esophagus and duodenum and surrounds the entire stomach. Four vascular systems comprise the arterial supply of the stomach. The left gastric artery passes to the lesser curvature in the cardiac region. -T he cardiac stomach-the larger of the 2, continuous with the esophagus and contains rugae (a series of folds that allow for the expansion of the stomach) - The pyloric stomach - the smaller of the 2, ends in the pylorus (where the pyloric sphincter is found) The anastomosis is formed by two continuous sutures of a synthetic absorbable thread with an autraumatic needle. Incompetence of the sutures occurred in two patients. The esophagus serves as a conduit between the pharynx and the stomach. The fundus (from Latin, meaning 'bottom') is formed in the upper curved part. Stomach: cardiac region. Biopsies may or may not be taken during endoscopy to evaluate and diagnosis the cause of the erythema. Erythematous mucosa of the stomach is a red, irritated lining within the stomach. Esophageal spasms can feel like sudden, severe chest pain that lasts from a few minutes to hours. Esophageal spasms are painful contractions within the muscular tube connecting your mouth and stomach (esophagus). The cardia (or cardiac region) is the point where the esophagus connects to the stomach and through which food passes into the stomach. Esophageal spasms typically occur only occasionally and might not need treatment.